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Healthy Oceans

Healthy Oceans, Healthy Humans Science and Education Advisors

Dave Allison, Oceana
Daniel Baden, University of North Carolina Wilmington
Joanne Burkholder, North Carolina State University
Jean-Michel Cousteau, Ocean Futures Society
Eric Dewailly, Laval University
William Fenical, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Lora Fleming, University of Miami
Jennifer Galvin, Harvard School of Public Health
Philippe Grandjean, Harvard School of Public Health
Ray Hayes, Howard University
Molly Kile, Harvard School of Public Health
Nancy Knowlton, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Thomas Lovejoy, Heinz Center
Dawn Martin, SeaWeb
Nancy Maynard, NASA
James McCarthy, Harvard University
Maureen McConnell, Museum of Science, Boston
Callum Roberts, University of York
Carl Safina, Blue Ocean Institute
Jackie Savitz, Oceana
Carolyn Sotka, NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative
John Stegeman, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Eleanor Sterling, American Museum of Natural History
Greg Watson, Massachusetts Technology Collaborative
Richard Wheeler, Cape Cod Museum of Natural History
Edward O. Wilson, Harvard University
George Woodwell, Woods Hole Research Center
Debbie Zmarzly, The Birch Aquarium at Scripps

Joanne Burkholder
Dr. JoAnn M. Burkholder is Professor of Aquatic Ecology, Director of the Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology at North Carolina State University, and an Aldo Leopold Leadership Fellow. She obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in zoology from Iowa State University, a Master of Science in aquatic botany from the University of Rhode Island, and a Ph.D. in botanical limnology from Michigan State University. Her research over the past 25 years has emphasized the effects of nutrient pollution on aquatic ecosystem response, algal ecology, and seagrass physiology. Since co-discovering the toxic dinoflagellate, Pfiesteria in 1991, she has worked to characterize its complex life cycle and behavior, and its sublethal as well as lethal impacts on estuarine finfish and shellfish. Dr. Burkholder has authored or co-authored more than 100 peer-reviewed publications. She has been invited to testify before the U.S. House and Senate as an expert on estuarine water quality, the ecology of harmful algal blooms, aquatic resource impacts from harmful algae, and state policies regarding Pfiesteria. She has held Governor-appointed policy positions on the North Carolina Coastal Futures Committee, and on the North Carolina Marine Fisheries Commission where she served as Chair of the Habitat and Water Quality Committee. In addition, she served as science advisor on a Governor-appointed Pfiesteria Commission in Maryland, and received an Admiral of the Chesapeake Award for her assistance.  Dr. Burkholder has received numerous other awards such as the Distinguished Service in Environmental Education Award from the Environmental Educators of North Carolina, the Hutner Award in Protozoology Research from the Society of Protozoologists, and the Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award from the American Association for the Advancement of Science.


Jean-Michel Cousteau
Explorer, environmentalist, educator, film producer--- for more than four decades Jean-Michel Cousteau has used his vast experiences to communicate to people of all nations and generations his love and concern for our water planet. Since first being 'thrown overboard' by his father at the age of seven with newly invented SCUBA gear on his back, Cousteau has been exploring the ocean realm. The son of ocean explorer Jacques Cousteau, Jean-Michel spent much of his life with his family exploring the world's oceans aboard Calypso and Alcyone. After his mother's death in 1990 and his father's in 1997, Cousteau founded Ocean Futures Society in 1999 to carry on this pioneering work. Responding to his father's call to 'carry forward the flame of his faith,' Jean-Michel's Ocean Futures Society, a non-profit marine conservation and education organization, serves as a 'Voice for the Ocean' by fostering a conservation ethic, conducting research, and developing marine education programs. Cousteau serves as an impassioned spokesman and diplomat for the environment, reaching out to the public through a variety of media. He has produced over 70 films, and been awarded the Emmy, the Peabody Award, the 7 d'Or - the French equivalent of the Emmy, and the Cable Ace Award.


Eric Dewailly
Dr. Eric Dewailly received a degree in medicine from the University of Lille (France, 1982), then completed specialized studies in public health (CES, Amiens, 1983). He did his residency in community health (Laval University, 1983-85), and holds a Master's Degree in epidemiology (Laval University, 1987) and a Ph.D. in toxicology (Lille, 1990). His professional career includes a stint as a consulting physician in community health at CHUL's Community Health Department in Quebec City between 1987 and 1989, then as the coordinator of the Quebec City area environmental health team until 1998. Since 1998, he has headed up the CHUQ Public Health Research Unit (CHUL building), which includes 40 researchers. He has been a licensed physician in Quebec since 1987. He has also been a professor of environmental health at the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine at Laval University since 1997, where he teaches environmental health to graduate students in the community health and epidemiology programs. Dr. Dewailly's research focuses mainly on the impact of oceans on human health: the contamination of the marine food chain and the exposure of fishing communities to heavy metals and organochlorines; the effect of these contaminants on the reproductive, immune, and neurological systems; nutrition and fish in the diet; microbiological contamination; marine toxins, etc. Since 1989, he has made over 200 scientific presentations and published 100 scientific articles. Up to and including 1998, he had received some $28 million in grants. Dr. Dewailly's international activities address the same areas of inquiry. He represents Canada on the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program/Health (AMAP-Health), is co-chair of the environmental group of the International Union for Circumpolar Health (IUCH), and heads up the medical section of the International Center for Ocean and Human Health at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research. He is also active in developing countries, where he is involved in numerous projects, notably on DDT in Mexico, ciguatera in the Caribbean, and pesticides in Africa.


William Fenical
Dr. Fenical first became excited about the ocean at the age of 12 while on a family trip to Florida. Not long after, he and his family moved from their Chicago home to California. Dr. Fenical continued to enjoy the ocean through SCUBA diving while obtaining his formal training in organic chemistry. He received his MS from San Jose State University and his PhD from the University of California at Riverside. Determined to blend his love of the ocean with his career, Dr. Fenical attained an Assistant Research Chemist position at Scripps in 1973. Since that time Dr. Fenical has studied marine chemical ecology with particular interest in the role of chemical defense in thwarting predation on vulnerable marine organisms. It is from this research, and the resultant discovery of new chemical compounds, that Bill became interested in the medical potential of the oceans. Today his research focuses on the discovery of medicinally valuable compounds derived from marine microorganisms collected locally and tropical locations, as well as extreme environments such as the deep-sea and arctic waters. In support of this research Dr. Fenical has traveled the world performing field collections using SCUBA.


Lora Fleming
Dr. Lora Fleming is a board certified Occupational Medicine physician and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health of the University of Miami School of Medicine. Dr. Fleming's primary research interests are in occupational and environmental health, from the perspective of both clinical medicine and epidemiology. Dr. Fleming is interested in promoting Environmental and Occupational Health in the South Florida and Caribbean Area. In addition to serving as a clinical consultant and teaching environmental and occupation health to Masters of Public Health, Residents and medical students, she has conducted funded research projects ranging from subclinical neurological effects in Fumigators (NIOSH) and in persons who eat mercury-contaminated fish (ATSDR) to metal absorption in persons exposed to high acid soils in the Dominican Republic (USAID) and pesticide levels in brains of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease to the chronic health effects in Pesticide Applicators. Dr. Fleming is a member of the NIEHS Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center at the University of Miami, with research focusing on the Marine Toxin Diseases in human populations. Dr. Fleming works as an Occupation Medicine consultant in Florida and in Latin America. She currently serves on the Environmental Advisory Board to the Dade County Commissioners, and the Florida Senate Committee on Environmental Risk Priorities, and on the ACGIH TLV Committee. Ultimately, Dr. Fleming is interested in pursuing her research and teaching interest in environmental and occupational health in Latin America and the Caribbean. She would like to apply her expertise to the problems created for humans and the environment in the industrialized world in order to prevent similar scenarios in developing nations.


Jennifer Galvin
Originally from Port Washington, NY, Jennifer’s background in public health, marine science, and passion for travel have brought her to work with diverse populations around the world.  Galvin has a BS in Aquatic Biology from Brown University, a MPH in Environmental Epidemiology from Yale University, and is now pursuing her doctoral degree at the Harvard School of Public Health.  Within the Water & Health: Epidemiology, Exposure and Risk Program, she continues to study the interactions between ocean and human health.  Her doctoral research entails the development and application of a new device, the “Gellyfish”, for coastal monitoring programs that acts as a surrogate of bivalve exposure to heavy metals.  Since moving to Boston in 2000, she has worked with the Center for Health and The Global Environment at Harvard Medical School on a variety of projects that explore and communicate public health connections with the marine environment; she is also the Teaching Assistant for the Center’s course “Human Health and Global Environmental Change.”  In 1999, her Master’s thesis at Yale became the founding paper for the International Center for Ocean and Human Health at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research (BBSR).  She has since maintained a working relationship with BBSR, and returned to Bermuda in 2003 for several months with Dr. Eric Dewailly’s Atlantis Mobile Marine Laboratory’s debut mission. Galvin is also a Trustee and Selection Committee Member of the Henry David Thoreau Scholarship Foundation.  Her endeavors fuel her to investigate and communicate how the health of the environment is critical to our health.


Philippe Grandjean
Dr. Philippe Grandjean is  an Adjunct Professor of Environmental Health Department of Environmental Health at Harvard School of Public Health; Professor and Chair of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark; Consultant in Toxicology, National Board of Health, Denmark; and Editor, Environmental Health. His most intensive research effort is in environmental epidemiology, especially the delayed effects of developmental exposure to marine contaminants. This research was initiated with Dr. Pal Weihe in the Faroe Islands the mid-1980s, and the prospective birth cohort studies since then developed into international collaborative projects. Neurotoxicity has been the main outcome of interest, but more recent projects have studied general development and immunotoxicity. The results have recently inspired downward revisions of methylmercury exposure limits. Other efforts relate to metal toxicology; biomarker development and validation; endocrine disruption, especially estrogenicity, caused by organochlorine exposures and their possible role as risk factors for breast cancer; and carcinogenicity of exposure to zeolite and other mineral fibers. Occupational health studies have included research on percutaneous absorption of chemicals, carcinogenicity of fluoride exposure, and neurotoxicity of lead. Additional publications are on research ethics, genetic susceptibility, the setting of exposure limits, and the impact of the precautionary principle on prevention and research.


Ray Hayes
Dr. Ray Hayes received his education at Amherst College and the University of Michigan.  He has taught on faculties of several medical schools, including the Harvard Medical School, the University of Pittsburgh, Morehouse Medical School, Howard University, and the University of the West Indies (Jamaica). For over ten years he served as Vice President for the Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean.  He is a Corporation Member of the Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole) and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).  He is also a certified SCUBA instructor for the National Association of Underwater Instructors, an Associate Member of the Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology, and a member of the Board of Directors of the Maritime Archaeological and Historical Society. For many years, he has been an affiliate of the Undersea Hyperbaric Medical Society and Physicians for Social Responsibility. In 1990, he co-founded the Human Health and Climate Change symposium at the annual International Global Warming Conference and has served on the Center's Planning Committee since that time. His current research interests focus upon the ultrastructure and cell biology of calcification and skeletogenesis  in Scleractinian corals, and the histo-pathology of coral reef bleaching and coral diseases.


Molly Kile
Molly Kile received her bachelor’s degree in Marine Biology from the University of California Santa Cruz and worked for several years at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research monitoring environmental quality on the Island. She is currently finishing her doctoral degree in Environmental Health at Harvard School of Public Health. Her research has focused on assessing environmental exposure to pollutants, with a particular interest in developing biological markers that can more effectively examine the relationship between environmental contamination and human health. Specifically, she has evaluated biological markers that can capture chronic arsenic exposure. This work has taken her from New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts to Bangladesh.


Nancy Knowlton
Dr. Nancy Knowlton is Director of the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation (CMBC), and a Professor of marine biology at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California at San Diego.  She also maintains a part-time position at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in the Republic of Panama, where she pursues her interests in tropical marine ecosystems. Her research focuses on the ecology and evolution of coral reef organisms.  Her research draws on a variety of techniques, including molecular genetics, field studies, and mathematical modeling.  She has worked for many years on the coral reefs of Panama and Jamaica, as well as in the Cape Verde Islands, the Indian Ocean, Brazil and throughout the Caribbean.  Her analyses have led to the now widespread recognition that estimates of marine diversity are probably too low by a factor of ten. She is currently a member of the editorial board of the Biological Bulletin and the National Geographic Society's Committee on Research and Exploration and Conservation Trust Committee. Among her past professional activities, she was on the Board of Editors and a Consulting Editor for American Scientist, and Associate Editor of Evolution. She is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and an Aldo Leopold Fellow.


Thomas Lovejoy
Dr. Thomas E. Lovejoy, a tropical biologist and conservation biologist, has worked in the Amazon of Brazil since 1965. He received his B.S. and Ph.D. in biology from Yale University. Lovejoy is generally credited with having brought the tropical forest problem to the fore as a public issue. He was the first person to use the term biological diversity (in 1980) and made the first projection of global extinction rates in the Global 2000 Report to the President that same year. He conceived the idea for the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems project, also known as the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, which is designed to define the minimum size for national parks and biological reserves. For this work and many conservation initiatives in Brazil he was decorated by the Brazilian government in 1988, becoming the first environmentalist to receive the Order of Rio Branco. He is also the originator of the innovative concept of debt-for-nature swaps, and the founder of the public television series Nature. From 1973 to 1987 he directed the program of World Wildlife Fund-US, and from 1985 to 1987 served as the Fund's Executive Vice President. In 1987 he was appointed Assistant Secretary for Environmental and External Affairs for the Smithsonian Institution, and in September 1994 became Counselor to the Secretary for Biodiversity and Environmental Affairs. In 1998 he became Chief Biodiversity Advisor for the World Bank, as well as Lead Specialist for the Environment for the Latin American region. He is past president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences, past chairman of the United States Man and Biosphere Program, and past president of the Society for Conservation Biology.


Dawn Martin
Dawn M. Martin is the Executive Director of SeaWeb. In December of 2003, Martin was recruited to SeaWeb from Oceana, an international ocean advocacy organization she helped to establish. As one of the first staff persons hired to build the organization in 2001, Martin served as Associate Chief Executive Officer and took on a variety of complex issues, including overall management, program development and fundraising. Between 1996 and 2001, Martin was appointed to several positions with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Clinton-Gore Administration. Most recently she was the Associate Deputy Administrator for EPA Administrator Carol Browner, prior to that she served as Chief of Staff to the Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation, and was also Senior Policy Advisor to the Assistant Administrator for Water. Before joining the US EPA, Ms. Martin was Political Director and Director of the Washington, DC office for American Oceans Campaign. She was closely involved in all aspects of that organization's efforts to protect the oceans, including campaigns to combat coastal water pollution and oil drilling off the outer continental shelf. Ms. Martin co-authored Estuaries on the Edge: The Vital Link Between Land and Sea. She also worked with Congress and the Administration to protect and strengthen the Clean Water Act and served as co-chair of the Clean Water Network, a national coalition of more than 1,000 local, regional and national environmental organizations.


Nancy Maynard
Dr. Nancy Maynard is the Associate Director for Environment and Health in the Earth Sciences Directorate at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), and is responsible for leading the development of GSFC's environment and health initiative ("Healthy Planet"), the purpose of which is to enable the easy and timely use of NASA's remotely-sensed observations, data, and models of Earth science parameters important to public health issues such as infectious and vector-borne diseases, air and water quality, thermal extremes, ultraviolet radiation, harmful algal blooms, and pollutant/pathogen transport and deposition via the atmosphere, oceans, ice, and water. Dr. Maynard is a biological oceanographer with an unusual breadth of scientific experience, ranging from science policy in the White House to management of large interdisciplinary science programs to oceanographic research at sea to the application of science to societal issues. Dr. Maynard's research experience includes laboratory and field studies as well as authorship of over 30 publications in several different areas: aerobiology and long-range atmospheric transport of desert dust, microbes, contaminants and other particulates over southern Florida and in African dust; phytoplankton ecology and paleoecology; satellite studies of variations in biological productivity along the ice edge and open water areas of polar seas; oil pollution; ecology of the Florida Everglades; and malaria and schistosomiasis.


James McCarthy
James J. McCarthy is Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological Oceanography at Harvard University. He holds faculty appointments in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, and he is the Head Tutor for degrees in Environmental Science and Public Policy. He received his undergraduate degree in biology from Gonzaga University, and his Ph.D. from Scripps Institution of Oceanography. His research interests have focused on the regulation of plankton productivity in the sea. He has worked extensively on the upper ocean nitrogen cycle in many areas of the world's oceans, and in the past decade has directed these efforts primarily towards regions that are strongly forced by physical processes, such as annual mixing processes, monsoonal cycles and the ENSO system; processes likely to be altered temporally or spatially by global climate change. Over the past two decades he has become increasingly involved in the planning and implementation of interdisciplinary research efforts. In the mid 1980s he was the founding editor for the American Geophysical Union's Global Biogeochemical Cycles. He participated in the early planning phases of the International Geosphere - Biosphere Programme, and served as its chair for the first six years of the program. He was involved in the first IPCC assessment, co-authoring the concluding chapter of Working Group I. In the third IPCC assessment he co-chaired Working Group II, whose task it was to assess impacts of and vulnerabilities to global climate change, with an intensified focus on adaptation.


Callum Roberts
Dr. Callum Roberts is a marine conservation biologist and senior lecturer in the Environment Department at the University of York, England. Currently, his research focuses on human impacts on marine ecosystems. While his interests in marine conservation have blossomed over the years, his field research remains firmly rooted on coral reefs, currently on the islands of St. Lucia and Saba in the Caribbean. In both islands he has been studying the effects of marine reserves closed to all fishing. Those studies have revealed both the huge scale of human impacts on the sea, and the means of protecting marine ecosystems from such effects. Dr. Roberts is currently serving on a US National Research Council Committee on Marine Protected Areas. For the last two years he has also been a member of the Marine Reserves Working Group, headed up by Jane Lubchenco, Steve Gaines and Steve Palumbi at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in Santa Barbara. In parallel with work on reserves, Dr. Roberts has also been very active with the Coral Reef Fish Specialist Group of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). He has been awarded a Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation, as well as a Hardy Fellowship in Conservation Biology at Harvard University.


Carl Safina
Carl Safina. Director of Blue Ocean Institute,  has worked to put ocean fish conservation issues into the wildlife conservation mainstream.  He has helped lead campaigns to ban high seas driftnets, re-write and reform federal fisheries law in the U. S., use international agreements toward restoring depleted populations of tunas, sharks, and other fishes, and achieve passage of a United Nations global fisheries treaty.  In 1990 he founded the Living Oceans Program at the National Audubon Society, where he served for a decade as vice president for ocean conservation.  He is now president of Blue Ocean Institute, which he co-founded.  Blue Ocean Institute’s main focus is to inspire conservation rather than demand it, using science, art, and literature to build a  “sea ethic” and a wider cultural atmosphere for ocean conservation. Dr. Safina is author of more than a hundred scientific and popular publications on ecology and marine conservation.  His first book, “Song for the Blue Ocean,” was chosen a New York Times Notable Book of the Year, a Los Angeles Times Best Nonfiction selection, and a Library Journal Best Science Book selection; it won him the Lannan Literary Award for nonfiction.  He has been profiled in the New York Times, named among “100 Notable Conservationists of the 20th Century” by Audubon magazine, and  featured on the Bill Moyers PBS special “Earth on Edge.”  He is also author of “Eye of the Albatross; Visions of Hope and Survival,” which won the John Burroughs Medal for nature writing and was chosen by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine as the year’s best book for communicating science.  He is co-author of the “Seafood Lover’s Almanac.”  Carl Safina is also an elected member of The Explorers Club, a recipient of the Pew Scholar's Award in Conservation and the Environment, a World Wildlife Fund Senior Fellow, and winner of a MacArthur Fellowship.

 
Jacqueline Savitz
Jacqueline Savitz is Director of Oceana's Pollution Campaigns. Currently, Jacqueline is leading Oceana's Seafood Contamination Campaign which is designed to fulfill consumers' right to know about mercury in fish, and to reduce mercury releases to the environment.  Oceana is working to end the unnecessary use of mercury in chlorine production, and to get signs posted in grocery stores where fish subject to the current FDA mercury advisory are sold.  She also leads Oceana's work on cruise ship pollution and persistent organic pollutants or POPs. Prior to working with Oceana, Savitz served as Executive Director of Coast Alliance, a network of over 600 organizations around the country working to protect our priceless coasts from pollution and development. Savitz's background and training in marine biology and environmental toxicology combined with over a decade of policy experience provides Oceana with a combination of sound science and clear environmental vision. Savitz is an expert in marine pollution issues including contaminated seafood, beach water quality, cruise ships and toxics. Prior to her position with Coast Alliance, Jacqueline worked as an environmental policy analyst with the Environmental Working Group in Washington, D.C. There her focus was on the public health effects of water and air pollution. In that capacity she authored a series of reports on point source discharges, air quality standards, fish contamination and medical waste disposal. Jacqueline first worked as an environmental scientist with the Chesapeake Bay Foundation where she worked for nearly five years on Chesapeake Bay pollution issues including seafood contamination and point source pollution. Jacqueline earned her master's degree in environmental science with emphasis in toxicology from the University of Maryland, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory. There her work focused on the effects of contaminants on aquatic life. Prior to that, she earned bachelor's degrees in marine science and biology from the University of Miami, in Florida.

Carolyn Sotka
Carolyn Sotka is a Senior Science-Policy Analyst with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Oceans and Human Health Initiative (OHHI). Carolyn's career in academia (Duke and Stanford Universities), government (NOAA, National Park Service) and non-profit organizations (New England and Monterey Bay Aquariums, COMPASS) has naturally led her to the interdisciplinary and partnership-dependent field of oceans and human health. Her escapades as a fisheries observer/manager; marine mammal caretaker, sea turtle tracker, and her work on marine reserve and sustainable fisheries initiatives have led her around the world to understand the complex relationship and interconnectedness between the health of the oceans and human health. Carolyn received her M.A. in Marine Affairs and Policy from the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS) at the University of Miami in 2001. In her role with the OHHI, Carolyn works to build partnerships and capacity, and bring attention to OHH issues to achieve the OHHI mission to improve understanding and management of the ocean, coasts and Great Lakes to enhance benefits to human health and reduce public health risks. She is a co-author of the first comprehensive report on OH, "The Interagency Oceans and Human Health Research Implementation Plan: A Prescription for the Future", published in early 2008.

John Stegeman
Dr. Stegeman has a Ph.D. in biochemistry from Northwestern University, and for more than twenty-five years has been studying pollutant chemical metabolism and effects, primarily in aquatic species. This work has centered principally on the cytochromes P450 (CYP) genes that are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and hormones. Dr. Stegeman has authored or co-authored more than 200 papers in the scientific literature, most of these dealing with the biochemistry and molecular biology of CYP enzymes and genes. Earlier work involved studies of carcinogenesis and oncogene activation in fish in polluted environments. Numerous investigations have considered the mechanisms by which cytochrome P450 1A may contribute to the toxicity of chemicals, especially halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (dioxins and planar polychlorinated biphenyls), in adult and developmental stages of vertebrates. This includes studies on the uncoupling of CYP1A and the consequent contribution to oxidative stress. The regulation of CYP in cardiovascular system of vertebrates and possible involvement in cardiovascular disease has been a focus for over 10 years. Currently this is being addressed using zebrafish cDNA microarrays. Current studies also consider the aspects of the evolution of CYP genes in early eukaryotes and the diversity of CYP in the vertebrata. Continuing work has examined technical approaches to use of the induction of CYP1A as a marker of exposure to TCDD, planar PCB congeners, PAH and other ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The information and probes for cytochrome P450 have been applied to the analysis of pollutant chemical effects in animals from the environment, included fish, birds, marine mammals and humans. Dr. Stegeman has served as an ad hoc and a regular member on NIH Study Sections and on External Science Advisory Boards of several Environmental Health Sciences Centers and chaired the Science Advisory Board of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), and on several NRC and Institute of Medicine committees. Dr. Stegeman also is Director of the NSF/NIEHS Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health. 

Greg Watson
As the Vice President for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy, Greg is leading the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC) Offshore Wind Initiative which includes MTC's neutral brokering of the Cape & Islands Offshore Wind Stakeholder Process, and a joint effort with The US Department of Energy and General Electric to establish an Offshore Wind Energy Collaborative concentrating on the deployment of deep-water wind projects located far from shore.  Greg has considerable experience working on collaborative efforts including serving as Executive Director of the Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative (DSNI), a resident-driven community planning organization in Roxbury, MA founded in 1984 to help revitalize the economically disenfranchised Dudley area of Boston.  In the early 1980's he was the Executive Director of The New Alchemy Institute, a non-profit research and education center dedicated to developing environmentally sound approaches to agriculture prior to being the director of The Nature Conservancy's Eastern Regional Office.   Additionally, Greg has maneuvered through the regulatory and policy arena serving as Commissioner of the MA Department of Food and Agriculture as well as Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology within the MA Executive Office of Economic Affairs.

Richard Wheeler
Time Magazine Hero of the Planet Richard Wheeler is an experienced educator and naturalist. He starred in a 1994 Nova Documentary “Haunted Cry of a Long Gone Bird” that followed his 1500-mile kayak trek from Newfoundland to Massachusetts along the migration path of the extinct seabird the Great Auk. His journey’s purpose was to draw attention to depleting fishery stocks by drawing an analogy between cod and the Great Auk. Wheeler helped develop curriculum based on his voyage. A former Navy Seal, Wheeler is now the Chairman of the Board for the Cape Cod Museum of Natural History.


Edward O. Wilson
Dr. Edward O. Wilson is Pellegrino University Research Professor Emeritus at Harvard and a preeminent biological theorist. He earned B.S. and M.A. degrees in biology from the University of Alabama, and a Ph.D. in biology from Harvard University. He joined the Harvard faculty in 1956 and distinguished himself over the next four decades as professor of zoology, curator in entomology at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and researcher. His accomplishments include pioneering work on chemical communication in the 1950s to 1970s, featuring a first comprehensive account of pheromones in ants, and (with William H. Bossert) a first evolutionary analysis of the physical and chemical properties of pheromones; the creation (with Robert H. MacArthur) of the theory of biogeography, a basic part of modern ecology and conservation biology; the creation of the discipline of sociobiology, in 1975; the first modern syntheses of knowledge of social insects (1971) and (with Bert Hölldobler) of ants in particular, in 1990. He also edited the volume Biodiversity, which in 1988 introduced the term and launched worldwide attention to the subject. In 1984, with Biophilia, he introduced the concept of a genetically based tendency to affiliate and bond with parts of the natural world. His The Diversity of Life (1992), which brought together knowledge of the magnitude of biodiversity and the threats to it, had a major public impact. Today he continues entomological and environmental research  at the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Two of his 21 books have been awarded Pulitzer prizes: On Human Nature (1978) and The Ants (1990, co-authored with Bert Hölldobler). Wilson¹s book Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (1975) extended neo-Darwinism into the study of social behavior. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge (1998) draws together the sciences, humanities, and the arts into a broad study of human knowledge. His most recent book, The Future of Life (2001), offers a plan for saving Earth¹s biological heritage. In addition to his books, Dr. Wilson has written over 370 articles, most for scientific journals. Wilson has received some 75 awards in international recognition for his contributions to science and humanity, including the U.S. National Medal of Science (1976), Japan¹s International Prize for Biology (1993), the Crafoord Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1990), the French Prix du Institut de la Vie (1990), Germany¹s Terrestrial Ecology Prize (1987), Saudi Arabia¹s King Faisal International Prize for Science (2000), and the Franklin Medal of the American Philosophical Society (1999). For his conservation work he has received the Audubon Medal of the National Audubon Society and the Gold Medal of the World Wide Fund for Nature. He is also the recipient of 27 honorary doctoral degrees form North America and Europe.


George Woodwell
Founder and Director of Woods Hole Research Center, Dr. Woodwell is an ecologist with broad interests in global environmental issues and policies. Prior to founding the Woods Hole Research Center, he was founder and director of the Ecosystems Center of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole and a senior scientist at Brookhaven National Laboratories. He was also a founding trustee and is vice chairman of the board of the Natural Resources Defense Council. He is a former chairman of the board of trustees and currently a member of the National Council of the World Wildlife Fund, a founding trustee of the World Resources Institute, a founder and currently an honorary member of the board of trustees of the Environmental Defense Fund, and former president of the Ecological Society of America. Dr. Woodwell is the author of more than 300 major papers and books in ecology. He holds a doctorate in botany from Duke University and is the recipient of several honorary degrees as well as the 1996 Heinz Environmental Award and the Volvo Environment Prize of 2001. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a felow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.